What is Black Hole ?
ESA's XMM-Newton observatory has a scientific payload with three different instruments: one near-infrared camera and two X-ray detectors. ESA says the combined space-based view was created "in a quest to explore the mechanisms of star formation, most massive black holes and their activity, their near- and far-infrared emissions, and black holes at the centres of galaxies."
How black holes are made
Black holes exist in space, not just in the hearts of galaxies like our Milky Way. But if a large enough object is swallowing and creating matter, it forms a black hole.
Though we might never know the true nature of a black hole, scientists say our current ideas for how black holes come into being and what they look like are incomplete. It's not clear how or when stars come into the wrong places at the wrong times and merge together to form black holes.
In the study published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, scientists propose different models for how galaxies work and come to form black holes. A black hole is created when a large, rotating body of gas contracts in on itself and begins to spin. The combination of rotation and gravity collapses matter to form a black hole.
"Sixty years ago we didn't even have a good idea how stars evolved, now we are finally beginning to understand black holes in detail," ESA writes.
What's next? The team behind the study hopes to find out more about how supermassive black holes are formed, especially the kind that's in the centers of galaxies.
ALSO SEE: Can a black hole "eat" the Sun?
Updated April 25, 2018, 11:20 a.m. ET: The original headline misstated the age of the XMM-Newton observatory. It is 12 years old, not 10.
Stephen Reilly, ESA XMM-Newton Project Scientist, said in a statement: "While we have worked for many years to learn more about these black holes, we still have a lot to learn, including about the most massive black holes we know are in the center of our own Milky Way."
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([Courtesy of XMM-Newton]
Updated April 25, 2018, 12:00 p.m. ET: Updated with ESA's full statement.)
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Black hole juggling.
If these really are the fastest stars in the universe then they're made of something as small as an atom but with a mass around a billion times that of our sun. Astronomers believe this material is found in a binary system where one star is about as massive as our sun and the other a smaller star.
It's in these systems that gravitational radiation is produced. It has the name black hole-mediated gravitational lensing because when a pair of galaxies line up in space the gravity of the supermassive black holes between them bends light travelling from one galaxy to the other, creating an optical lens.
And at these densities there's something like a gravitational fire hose blowing them off into space. Like those birds in a gravity storm, they go spinning off to places where gravity is much lower. The vast gravity well of the Milky Way could fit something the size of a flea into a teaspoon and supermassive black holes exist in a cloud.
Black hole
We still need the 'black hole' to stay. In the black hole of cosmology, a cosmological constant stretches space to ridiculous scales, preventing galaxies and other structures from moving at the same speed as the speed of light. If a tiny black hole can prevent this constant from stretching, then we might never find it.
But perhaps some structures, such as the filaments, could form in front of the black hole. They would be too far away to detect with current methods of gravitational lensing. Without the lensing signal, however, we wouldn't be able to directly detect the presence of a black hole.
While the filaments are very distant – so distant that our telescopes can't detect them – they could also be related to the universe's past. In our universe, the
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